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The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) (also referred to as dependency structure matrix, dependency structure method, dependency source matrix, problem solving matrix (PSM), incidence matrix, ''N2'' matrix, interaction matrix, dependency map or design precedence matrix) is a simple, compact and visual representation of a system or project in the form of a square matrix.〔S.D. Eppinger and T.R. Browning, (Design Structure Matrix Methods and Applications ), MIT Press, Cambridge, 2012.〕 It is the equivalent of an adjacency matrix in graph theory, and is used in systems engineering and project management to model the structure of complex systems or processes, in order to perform system analysis, project planning and organization design. Don Steward coined the term "design structure matrix" in the 1960s,〔D. V. Steward: ''The Design Structure System: A Method for Managing the Design of Complex Systems.'' In: ''IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.'' 28(3), 1981, S. 71-74.〕 using the matrices to solve mathematical systems of equations. == Overview == A design structure matrix lists all constituent subsystems/activities and the corresponding information exchange,interactions, and dependency patterns. For example, where the matrix elements represent activities, the matrix details what pieces of information are needed to start a particular activity, and shows where the information generated by that activity leads. In this way, one can quickly recognize which other activities are reliant upon information outputs generated by each activity. The use of DSMs in both research and industrial practice increased greatly in the 1990s. DSMs have been applied in the building construction, real estate development, semiconductor, automotive, photographic, aerospace, telecom, small-scale manufacturing, factory equipment, and electronics industries, to name a few, as well as in many government agencies.〔 The matrix representation has several strengths. * The matrix can represent a large number of system elements and their relationships in a compact way that highlights important patterns in the data (such as feedback loops and modules). * The presentation is amenable to matrix-based analysis techniques, which can be used to improve the structure of the system. * In modeling activities precedence it allows representing feedback linkages that cannot be modeled by Gantt chart/PERT modeling techniques 〔Browning TR, Fricke E, Negele H (2006) ("Key Concepts in Modeling Product Development Processes" ), Systems Engineering, 9(2):104-128〕 DSM analysis provides insights into how to manage complex systems or projects, highlighting information flows, task/activities sequences and iteration.〔〔Yassine A, Braha D (2003),("Complex Concurrent Engineering and the Design Structure Matrix Approach." ) Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications, 11(3):165-177〕 It can help teams to streamline their processes based on the optimal flow of information between different interdependent activities. DSM analysis can also be used to manage the effects of a change. For example, if the specification for a component had to be changed, it would be possible to quickly identify all processes or activities which had been dependent on that specification, reducing the risk that work continues based on out-of-date information.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Design structure matrix」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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